Sources and original illustrations

Primary references and the limits of this educational collection.

Primary references

• UNESCO: Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde — The Qing summer-palace, garden and outlying-temple relationship; not current visitor access.
• UNESCO: Ancient City of Ping Yao — The city’s streets, shops, dwellings, banking history and separate temple components.
• UNESCO: Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun — The heritage significance of village street plans, architecture, decoration and integrated water systems.
• UNESCO: Historic Monuments of Dengfeng in “The Centre of Heaven and Earth” — The multiple clusters and their ritual, scientific, educational and technological associations.
• UNESCO: Mount Wutai — Wutai’s Buddhist landscape, varied architectural periods and documented examples of halls and sculpture.
• UNESCO: Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom — The three-city and tomb composition of the property and the archaeological character of its remains.
• UNESCO: Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains — The mountain setting, Daoist associations and architecture from multiple historical periods.
• UNESCO: Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City — The Late Neolithic city, earthen monuments, water system and archaeological burial differentiation.
• UNESCO: Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces — The relationship of mountaintop forests, villages, water channels and working terraces.
• UNESCO: Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er — Traditional understorey cultivation, villages and tea groves, and community stewardship in this specific landscape.
• UNESCO: Dazu Rock Carvings — The variety of secular and religious subjects and the carvings’ relationship to historical everyday life.
• UNESCO: Kaiping Diaolou and Villages — The three functional tower types, architectural fusion and relationship to emigration and village landscapes.
• UNESCO: Kulangsu, a Historic International Settlement — The island’s settlement history, varied architecture and cultural fusion including Amoy Deco.
• UNESCO: Longmen Grottoes — The Buddhist grotto-and-niche ensemble and its Northern Wei and Tang artistic context.
• UNESCO: Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu — The three distinct components and their commemorative, residential and ancestral associations.
• UNESCO: Temple of Heaven: an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing — The sacrificial complex and the symbolic relationship expressed through its layout and buildings.
• UNESCO: Yin Xu — The late Shang capital, archaeological remains and the significance of oracle-bone inscriptions.
• UNESCO: Yungang Grottoes — The fifth- and sixth-century Buddhist cave art and the design significance of Tan Yao’s Five Caves.
• UNESCO: Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art Cultural Landscape — The cliff, karst and river setting and the interpreted relationship of imagery with Luoyue ritual and bronze-drum culture.
• UNESCO: Mount Wuyi — The natural and cultural significance, Nine Bend River setting, intellectual history and Chengcun archaeological component.

Original visual material

The diagrams in this edition are original SVG illustrations explaining the sequence or decisions in each guide. They do not show a laboratory experiment, a personal trip or a tested product result. No photographs from the linked sources are reproduced.

Check the source in context

References were consulted during preparation of this edition. A source may cover a broader or narrower question than a particular guide; the support notes above explain why it is listed. Read the original for methodology, exceptions and updates.